Petroleum refining profitability november 1995 conversion of crude oil is expected to remain the principal source of transportation fuels well into the next century. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum. Biodesulfurization in petroleum refining request pdf. This study presents projected profitabilities 19952010 of petroleum refining operations for light lowsulfur and heavy highsulfur crude oils in the u. Petroleum refining and gas processing involve the handling of hydrocarbons in. Technology, economics, and markets is a book written for users, the practitioners of refining, and all those who want to learn more about the field. Petroleum refining in the united states in 20 produced 18. Petroleum refining an overview sciencedirect topics. Biorefining has gradually become a new method used to produce energy and chemical products, which parallels petroleum refining. Speight 2006, the chemistry and technology of petroleum, 4th edition, crc press, isbn 0849390672 150 years of oil in romania world events. Petroleum refining and petrochemical processes crude oil. The types of refinery products and crude oil inputs influence the complexity of the refining process. Used to increase gasoline yield and improve octane yield which improves the antiknock properties of the fuel. Industrial chemistry 33 solvent extraction and dewaxing solvent treating is a widely used method of refining lubricating oils as well as a host of other refinery stocks.
Data request for the petroleum refining industry detailed. Oil refining and products request pdf researchgate. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils. Corrosion risk associated with chemical refining processes. Due to the chemistry of oil refining, the higher the ch ratio of a crude oil, the more intense and costly the refinery. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Crude oil is composed of hundreds of different hydrocarbon molecules, which are separated through the process of refining. Within north america, recent demand for refined petroleum products has been flat to declining and is forecast to continue on this path.
Texas leads the nation in petroleum refining and chemical products production, and is a global leader in the closely related petrochemical industry. Petroleum refining processes are those chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform petroleum crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol. The petroleum refining industry in the united states is the largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually any economic sector, including the transport sector. Cracking is the process by virtue of which crude petroleum of their fractions are decomposed by heat to produce products which have lower boiling points. Polymerization and alkylation processes are used to combine small petroleum molecules. Refining operations constitute the major applications of chemical engineering this course introduces the student to the scenario of petroleum refining. The simplest alkane, methane ch 4, is the principal constituent of natural gas. This seminar program, outlined below, was designed to serve as an introduction to petroleum refining processing. Feedstock energy the nonfuel use of fossil energy is not included in the energy consumption estimates. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals petroleum products james g. Petroleum chemistry and refining applied energy technology series.
They are, in almost every case, virtually identical to the same chemical produced from other sources, such as coal, coke, or fermentation processes. Chemical plants are thus often adjacent to oil refineries or a number of further. Petroleum chemistry and refining applied energy technology series speight, james g. Chapter 5 the petroleum refining industry industry overview the petroleum refining industry uses the largest quantity of premium fuels in the industrial sector, amounting to 2,7 quads in 1981. New york basel tm petroleum refining technology and economics fourth edition james h. Petroleum refinery activities start with receipt of.
This fully revised fourth edition is a complete compendium of licensable technologies for the refining of petroleum and. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The highly branched compound 2,2,4trimethylpentane called isooctane in the petroleum industry burns very smoothly without knocking in internal combustion engines and is used as one of the standards by which the octane rating of gasolines is established. Petroleum refining oil refinery cracking chemistry. Refining endproducts the primary endproducts produced in petroleum refining may be grouped into four categories. Although the us was the worlds largest net importer of refined petroleum products as recently as 2008, the us became a net exporter in 2010, and in 2014 was the largest exporter and the largest net exporter of refined petroleum. An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is transformed. Classified under sic 29, the petroleum refining industry is. Request pdf biodesulfurization in petroleum refining petroleum refining and. Since distillation fractionation separates petroleum products into groups only by their boilingpoint ranges, impurities may remain.
The other links add value to petroleum mainly by moving and storing it e. Petroleum refining at a glance petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to the pump. Worldwide trade of refined products in general, united states prefers gasoline to diesel whereas the rest of the world prefers diesel to gasoline fcc. Bandwidth study on energy use and potential energy saving.
Texas entered the global petroleum production and refining industry in 1901, when the spindletop oilfield began production. Speight 2006, the chemistry and technology of petroleum, 4th. Supported by numerous illustrations and references, this book describes the chemistry and physics that occur during the refinery operations, and how the properties of petroleum can be translated into predictability in refinery scenarios. Petroleum refining refers to the process of converting crude oil into useful products. Light distillates liquid petroleum gas lpg gasoline also known as petrol kerosene jet. Corrosionrelated accidents in petroleum refineries pdf. Chapter 8 petroleum for the foreseeable future, oil will remain a critical fuel for the united states and all other industrialized nations. The programme is to provide graduates with the broadbased training required for sound refining and processing of crude oil. Growing refining overcapacity has resulted in recent refin. Petroleum refining is a unique and critical link in the petroleum supply chain, from the wellhead to. Petroleum refining crude oil production of materials. Combine blendstocks to produce finished products that. Isobutane and c 3 c 4 olefins are produced as byproducts from fcc and other catalytic and thermal conversion processes in a refinery.
Learn more about petroleum refining, including its history and the various processes used to create the different products. Request pdf oil refining and products this article discusses the various aspects of petroleum refining and oil products as a primary energy source and as a. Corrosionrelated accidents in petroleum refineries jrc. Petroleum refining, conversion of crude oil into useful products, including fuel oils, gasoline petrol, asphalt, and kerosene. Cycloparaffins naphthenes saturated cyclic hydrocarbons, normally known as naphthenes, are also part of the hydrocarbon constituents of crude. Oil refineries and bulk storage of crude oil and petroleum products. Refineries generally process crude oil into motor and heating fuels, but also produce gaseous fuels, synthesis gases. Electronegativity and electronegativity chart in pdf. By definition, petrochemicals are simply chemicals that happen to be derived from a starting material obtained from petroleum. Dewatering and desalting before separation of petroleum into its various constituents can proceed, there is the need to clean the petroleum.
Fundamentals of petroleum and petrochemical engineering. Gary colorado school of mines golden, colorado glen marcel dekker, inc. Due to the chemistry of oil refining, the higher the ch ratio of a crude oil, the more intense and costly the refinery processing. Light distillates liquid petroleum gas lpg gasoline also known as petrol kerosene jet fuel and other aircraft fuel. This authoritative resource will prove essential for anyone who needs current, expertly written coverage of the latest developments in the petroleum refining process industry. Department of energy does advanced manufacturing office provided funding for this analysis and report the doe office of energy efficiency and. It delivers indepth coverage of todays petroleum refining technologies, methods, and best practices. Melamine c3n3nh23 and formaldehyde hcho combine readily to form. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss refinery gas c1 c4 161 1 259 31 liquefied petroleum gas c3 c4 42 1 44 31 naphtha c5 c17 36 302 97 575 gasoline c4 c12 1 216 31 421. It is second only to the chemicals industry in the total amount of energy it consumes. Petroleum chemistry and refining applied energy technology. Respondents may choose to download the pdffile and save the completed data request to cd.
Petroleum refining petroleum refining petrochemicals. Refining petrochemistry book list by technip editor. Mar 14, 2017 this fully revised fourth edition is a complete compendium of licensable technologies for the refining of petroleum and production of environmentally acceptable fuels and petrochemical intermediates. Leffler 1985, petroleum refining for the nontechnical person, 2nd edition, pennwell books, isbn 0878142800 james g. Acknowledgements the canadian fuels association acknowledges the following contributors who provided. The petroleum refining industry converts crude oil into more than 2500. The seminar focuses on the core refining processes of fluid catalytic cracking, alkylation, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and catalytic reforming, although all major processes are covered in detail. Speight encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Catalytic reforming uses heat, moderate pressure and fixed bed catalysts to turn naphtha, short carbon chain molecule fraction, into highoctane gasoline components mainly aromatics. Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries to transform crude oil into useful products. The early years the industry begins to change refining in the modern era refining. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Only, the very shortest molecules make it to the top of the tower without condensing. Bandwidth study on energy use and potential energy saving opportunities in u.
Some modern petroleum refineries process as much as 800,000 to 900,000. Petroleum refining and the prod uction of ulsg and ulsd october 24, 2011 page 2 2. Today, more than 100 major integrated complexes, including 36 grassroots refineries. Because the reactions which produce higher octane compounds aliphatic in this case are endothermic absorb heat additional heaters are installed between reactors to keep the reactants at the proper temperature. This is a chemistry video for grade 8910 students that talks about the elaborate process of refining of petroleum in industry.
Much of this material was reorganized, updated, and rewritten with greater emphasis on reaction chemistry and the role of catalysis in applications. These gases are then cooled and compressed to form lpg liquid petroleum gas. Technology, economics, and markets is a book written for users, the practitioners of refining, and all. Petroleum refining and petrochemicals or master of technology in petroleum refining and petrochemicals is a postgraduate petroleum engineering programme. Petroleum chemistry publishes articles on these topics from members of the scientific community of the former soviet union.
The economics of petroleum refining understanding the business of processing crude oil into fuels and other value added products december 20. Chemistry, refining, fuels and petrochemicals refining james g. Petroleum chemistry and refining crc press book supported by numerous illustrations and references, this book describes the chemistry and physics that occur during the refinery operations, and how the properties of petroleum can be translated into predictability in refinery scenarios. The economics of petroleum refining home canadian fuels. Petroleum refining or oil refining is an industrial process in which crude oil is extracted from the ground and transformed and refined into useful products like liquefied petroleum gas lpg, kerosene, asphalt base, jet fuel, gasoline, heating oil, fuel oils etc. The alkylation process combines light isoparaffins, most commonly isobutane, with c 3 c 4 olefins, to produce a mixture of higher molecular weight isoparaffins i.
1038 981 1342 968 1038 767 1050 1220 804 245 1077 1353 657 1261 138 406 405 122 293 342 624 924 227 1154 285 1143 1458 17 528 949 948 1216 1124 1380 1383 81 1464 560 1100 725 1130 1478 1128 544 1451